PHARMACOLOGY OF KETAMINE
INTRODUCTION
Ketamine is mainly used for starting and maintaining anesthesia. It induces a trance-like state while providing pain relief, sedation, and memory loss.
MECHANISM OF ACTION
Ketamine has several clinically useful properties, including analgesia and less cardio respiratory depressant effect than other anesthetic agents; it also causes some stimulation of the cardicascular system. Ketamine has been reported to produce general as well as local anesthesia. It interacts with N-METHYL-D-aspartate receptors, opioid receptors, monoaminergic receptors, muscarinic receptors and voltage sensitive calcium channels. Ketamine does not interact with GABA receptors.
USES
Ketamine is used for inducing anesthesia before surgery or certain procedures that do not require skeletal muscle relaxation. it work in the brain to inhibit painful sensations.
SIDE EFFECTS
1.Agitation
2.Confusion
3.Hallucination
4.Spasms of larynx occur rarely
5.Elevated blood pressure
6.Muscle tremors
DRUG DRUG INTERACTION
1. Ketamine + zolpidem = increase side effects such as dizziness, drowsiness, confusion.
2. Ketamine+lorazepam =increase side effects such as dizziness, drowsiness, confusion.
3. Ketamine+ Benadryl = difficulty concentrating
4. Ketamine+ gabapentin = increase side effects such as dizziness, drowsiness, confusion.
5. Ketamine+ oxycodone= increase side effects such as dizziness, drowsiness, confusion.
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