Dicyclomine-anticholinergic drug(antisecretary-antispasmodic),antiemetics drugs and its pharmacology

DICYCLOMINE-

A muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic and in urinary incontinence. It has little effect on glandular secretion or the cardiovascular system.

It does have some local anesthetic properties and is used in gastrointestinal, biliary, and urinary tract spasms

Pharmacology:

Indication -For the treatment of functional bowel/irritable bowel syndrome including Colicky abdominal pain; diverticulitis

Pharmacodynamics -Dicyclomine is an anticholinergic drug, a medication that reduces the effect of acetylcholine, a chemical released from nerves that stimulates muscles, by blocking the receptors for acetylcholine on smooth muscle (a type of muscle). It also has a direct relaxing effect on smooth muscle. Dicyclomine is used to treat or prevent spasm in the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract in the irritable bowel syndrome. In addition, Dicyclomine inhibits gastrointestinal propulsive motility and decreases gastric acid secretion and controls excessive pharyngeal, tracheal and bronchial secretions.

Volume of distribution- 3.65 L/kg [20 mg oral dose]

Protein binding - >99%

Route of elimination-The principal route of elimination is via the urine (79.5% of the dose). Excretion also occurs in the feces, but to a lesser extent (8.4%).

Drug drug interactions:

Potassium chloride+Dicyclomine=  increase the irritant effects of potassium on your stomach and upper intestine

Topiramate+Dicyclomine=  topiramate can cause increased body temperature and decreased sweating

Alcohal+Dicyclomine= Alcohol may increase drowsiness and dizziness

Therapeutic Uses:

>Treating symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome.

>Dicyclomine is an anticholinergic.

> It works by blocking a chemical in the smooth muscle of the stomach and intestines, causing them to relax, which reduces cramping.

Side effects:

>Blurred vision; constipation; decreased sweating

>difficulty sleeping; dizziness; drowsiness; dry mouth; headache; lightheadedness

> loss of taste; nausea; nervousness.

>Severe allergic reactions

> agitation; confusion; diarrhea

>difficulty focusing your eyes; difficulty moving; difficulty speaking

> difficulty urinating; disorientation; exaggerated sense of well-being

> fainting; hallucinations; pounding in the chest, rapid heartbeat

>short-term memory loss; unusual weakness; vomiting.

REFERENCE:-Tripathi K D"Essential of medical pharmacology",7th edition ,page no.117,120,663.