DICLOXACILLIN-
Dicloxacillin is a narrow-spectrum β-lactam antibiotic of the penicillin class. It is used to treat infections caused by susceptible Gram-positive bacteria.
Pharmacology:
Indication- Used to treat infections caused by penicillinase-producing staphylococci which have demonstrated susceptibility to the drug.
Pharmacodynamics-Dicloxacillin is a beta-lactamase resistant penicillin similar to oxacillin. Dicloxacillin has in vitro activity against gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The bactericidal activity of dicloxacillin results from the inhibition of cell wall synthesis and is mediated through dicloxacillin binding to penicillin binding proteins (PBPs).
Dicloxacillin is stable against hydrolysis by a variety of beta-lactamases, including penicillinases, and cephalosporinases and extended spectrum beta-lactamases.
Absorption-Absorption of the isoxazolyl penicillins after oral administration is rapid but incomplete: peak blood levels are achieved in 1-1.5 hours. Oral absorption of cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, oxacillin and nafcillin is delayed when the drugs are administered after meals.
Protein binding-Binds to serum protein, mainly albumin.
Half life- The elimination half-life for dicloxacillin is about 0.7 hour.
Drug Drug interactions:
Aripiprazole+Dicloxacillin= The serum concentration of Aripiprazole can be decreased when it is combined with Dicloxacillin.
Biotin+Dicloxacillin= The therapeutic efficacy of Dicloxacillin can be decreased when used in combination with Biotin.
Demeclocycline+dicloxacillin=The therapeutic efficacy of Dicloxacillin can be decreased when used in combination with Demeclocycline.
Dicoumarol+Dicloxacillin+ Dicloxacillin may decrease the anticoagulant activities of Dicoumarol.
Therapeutic Uses:
>Dicloxacillin is a penicillin antibiotic.
> It kills sensitive bacteria by interfering with formation of the bacteria's cell wall while it is growing.
This weakens the cell wall and it ruptures, resulting in the death of the bacteria.
Side effects:
>Diarrhea; fever; gas; general body discomfort
> heartburn; joint pain; muscle aches; nausea; second infection; stomach pain; vomiting.
>Severe allergic reactions
>black tongue; bloody stools; mouth irritation; severe diarrhea; severe stomach cramps/pain
>shortness of breath; sore throat; swollen joints; unusual bleeding or bruising; vaginal irritation or discharge; wheezing.
REFERENCE:-Tripathi K D"Essential of medical pharmacology",7th edition ,page no-721,723,762
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