Wednesday, February 14, 2018

Diazepam -antianxiety,antiepileptic,sedative,hypnotic,general anaesthetic,skeletal muscle relaxant and its pharmacology

DIAZEPAM-
Diazepam is a benzodiazepine (ben-zoe-dye-AZE-eh-peens).
 It affects chemicals in the brain that may be unbalanced in people with anxiety.

Pharmacology:
Absorption- Essentially complete, with a bioavailability of 93%.
Protein binding- 98.5%
Half life - Biphasic 1-2 days and 2-5 days, active metabolites with long half lives.

Drug Drug interactions:
1. diazepam+Aprepitant= The serum concentration of Diazepam can be increased when it is combined with Aprepitant.

2. diazepam+Bexarotene= The serum concentration of Diazepam can be decreased when it is combined with Bexarotene.

3. diazepam+Bortezomib= The metabolism of Diazepam can be decreased when combined with Bortezomib.

4. diazepam+Clozapine= The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Diazepam is combined with Clozapine.


  Food interactions:-

 > Avoid alcohol.
 > Avoid excessive quantities of coffee or tea (caffeine).
 > Avoid taking with grapefruit or grapefruit juice as grapefruit can significantly increase serum levels of this product.
 >Take with food.

Therapeutic Uses:
>used to treat anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and seizures.

>used to relieve muscle spasms and to provide sedation before medical procedures.


Side effects:
 >  confusion, hallucinations, unusual thoughts or behavior;

>   depressed mood, thoughts of suicide or hurting yourself;

>   hyperactivity, agitation, aggression, hostility;

>    new or worsening seizures;

>    weak or shallow breathing, a feeling like you might pass out;

>    muscle twitching, tremor;

>    loss of bladder control; or

>    little or no urinating.


 Common diazepam side effects may include:


>    drowsiness;

>    tired feeling;

>    muscle weakness

REFERENCE:-Tripathi K D"Essential of medical pharmacology",7th edition ,page no-357,358,383,385,386,398,401,404-405,418-419,421,424,464

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