ISOFLURANE - Inhalational anesthetics , side effects and its interactions

DESCRIPTION

PHARMACOLOGY-

Isoflurane is a general inhalation anesthetic used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. It induces muscle relaxation and reduces pains sensitivity by altering tissue excitability. It does so by decreasing the extent of gap junction mediated cell-cell coupling and altering the activity of the channels that underlie the action potential.

MECHANISM OF ACTION-

Similar to many general anesthetics, the exact mechanism of the action has not been clearly delineated. Isoflurane reduces pain sensitivity (analgesia) and relaxes muscles. Isoflurane likely binds to GABA, glutamate and glycine receptors, but has different effects on each receptor. It potentiates glycine receptor activity, which decreases motor function. It inhibits receptor activity in the NMDA glutamate receptor subtypes. Isoflurane inhibits conduction in activated potassium channels. Isoflurane also affects intracellular molecules. It activates calcium ATPase by increasing membrane fluidity. It binds to the D subunit of ATP synthase and NADH dehydrogenase.

SIDE EFFECTS-

Respiratory depression, hypotension, arrhythmias, shivering, GI upset, ileus, transient elevations in WBC,perioperative hyperkalemia, malignant hyperthermia.

DRUG DRUG INTERACTION-

1.The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with 7-Nitroindazole.

2.The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Acepromazine.

3.The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Aceprometazine.

4.The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with adipiplon.

5.The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Agomelatine.

6.The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Alfaxalone.

7.The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Isoflurane is combined with Alfentanil.

USES-

ISOFLURANE is a halogenated volatile anaesthetic which induces and maintains general

anaesthesia by depression of the central nervous system and resultant loss of consciousness.

REFERENCE- Tripathi K.D. "Essentials of Medical Pharmacology", 7th Edition, page no- 380