Mechanism of action of Hydroxychloroquine
Hydroxychloroquine increases[20] lysosomal pH in antigen-presenting
cells. In inflammatory conditions, it blocks toll-like receptors on plasmacytoid dendritic cells(PDCs).[citation needed] Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR 9), which recognizes DNA-containing
immune complexes, leads to the production of interferon and causes the dendritic cells to mature and present antigen to T cells.
Hydroxychloroquine, by decreasing TLR signaling, reduces the activation of
dendritic cells and the inflammatory process.
In 2003 a novel mechanism was
described wherein hydroxychloroquine inhibits stimulation of the toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 family receptors. TLRs are cellular
receptors for microbial products that induce inflammatory responses through
activation of the innate immune system.[21]
As with other quinoline antimalarial drugs, the mechanism of
action of quinine has not been fully resolved. The most
accepted model is based on hydrochloroquinine and involves the inhibition of hemozoin biocrystallization, which facilitates the
aggregation of cytotoxic heme. Free cytotoxic heme
accumulates in the parasites, causing their deaths.
Reference-
Tripathi K.D “Essentials of Medical Pharmacology",published
by Jaypee brothers, New Delhi, 7th edition, page no. 210-211.
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