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Modern pharmacology with clinical applications

Description: this book address drugs affecting the autonomic nervous system, cardiovascular system and CNS, drugs used to treat inflammatory disorders, chemotherapy, drugs affecting the endocrine system and additional, important drugs such as histamines and vitamins.

Author name: Charles R. Craig, Robert E. Stitzel

Number of pages: 832

Language: English

Edition: 5^th edition

ISBN no.: 0316159344, 978-0316159340

Publishing country: USA

DOXACURIUM

Doxacurium  binds competitively to cholinergic receptors on the motor end-plate to antagonize the action of acetylcholine, resulting in a block of neuromuscular transmission (non-depolarizing). This action is antagonized by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, such as neostigmine. Doxacurium  is a long-acting, nondepolarizing skeletal muscle relaxant. The neuromuscular block produced by doxacurium  may be antagonized by anticholinesterase agents. As with other nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents, the more profound the neuromuscular block at reversal, the longer the time and the greater the dose of anticholinesterase required for recovery of neuromuscular function. Doxacurium  is approximately 2.5 to 3 times more potent than pancuronium and 10 to 12 times more potent than metocurine.

REFERENCE-KD TRIPATHI, JAYPEE BROTHERS MEDICAL PUBLISHERS PVT.LTD 7^TH EDITION, REPRINT 2001,PG NO.:347,352,353.

DOXAZOCIN

The mechanism of action of DOXAZOCIN  selective blockade of the alpha1 (postjunctional) subtype of adrenergic receptors. Studies in normal human subjects have shown that doxazosin competitively antagonized the pressor effects of phenylephrine (an alpha1 agonist) and the systolic pressor effect of norepinephrine.

REFERENCE-KD TRIPATHI, JAYPEE BROTHERS MEDICAL PUBLISHERS PVT.LTD 7^TH EDITION, REPRINT 2001,PG NO.:142,144,565.

DOXEPIN

The acute effects of antidepressant treatments on brain norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT) systems cannot account fully for their delayed therapeutic action.  The effects of long-term antidepressant treatment on biogenic amine metabolism and on various indexes of presynaptic and postsynaptic receptor function. In contrast to variable effects on NE and 5-HT turnover and on presynaptic receptor Doxepin treatments produce consistent alterations in a number of measures of postsynaptic amine receptor sensitivity. Longterm treatment of Doxepin  has been found to reduce β-adrenergic sensitivity while enhancing responses to serotonergic and α-adrenergic stimulation, suggesting that modulation of receptor sensitivity may be a mechanism of action common to tricyclic antidepressants, "atypical" antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and electroconvulsive therapy.

REFERENCE-KD TRIPATHI, JAYPEE BROTHERS MEDICAL PUBLISHERS PVT.LTD 7^TH EDITION, REPRINT 2001,PG NO.:458,465.

doxycycline

Doxycycline inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit. Doxycycline has bacteriostatic activity against a broad range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Among the tetracycline group of compounds, doxycycline  blocked and reversed both spontaneous and interleukin 1β-induced OA-NOS activity in ex vivo conditions. Similarly,  doxycycline inhibited  lipopolysaccharide- and interferon-γ-stimulated iNOS in RAW 264.7 cells in vitro, as assessed by nitrite accumulation. Although both these enzyme isoforms could be inhibited by doxycycline , their susceptibility to this drugs was distinct.

REFERENCE-KD TRIPATHI, JAYPEE BROTHERS MEDICAL PUBLISHERS PVT.LTD 7^TH EDITION, REPRINT 2001,PG NO.:733,735,736,737,738.